The income tax slabs are divided into four categories starting from Slab 0 to Slab III. Slab 0 pertains to those who earn less than Rs 2.5 lakh. If you fall in this segment, you need not pay any income tax. Slab 1 contains those who earn between Rs 2.5 lakh and Rs 5 lakh. The tax rate for this slab is 10%. If you earn between Rs 5 lakh and Rs 10 lakh (Slab 2), your income tax rate is 20%. The last slab is for those who earn over Rs 10 lakh. The income tax rate for this bracket is 30%. For those who earn over Rs 1 crore, the government has levied a tax surcharge of 10% over and above the 30% income tax rate.
However, remember this is for the general working population. There are some special rules for senior citizens.
Senior citizens with age between 60 and 80 years do not have to pay tax if they earn less than Rs 3 lakh, higher than the Rs 2.5 lakh threshold for the general population. For income above Rs 3 lakh, the tax rates and slabs are the same. For those over 80 years of age, this threshold is higher at Rs 5 lakh.
Tax exemptions: Not all your incomes and gains are taxable. Section 80 of the Income Tax Act underlines all the income that is not taxed. This includes certain types of savings, insurances, donations, home or education loan repayments, medical insurance etc. There is a certain limit to this too. For tax exemptions from investments in public provident funds and equity schemes, the exemption cannot exceed Rs 1.5 lakh.
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Housing Rent Allowances: HRA is an allowance given by the employer to the employee for paying his/her house rent. This allowance not taxed. It can be calculated in three ways. The final amount is the lowest of the three.
a) Amount of HRA received by the employee. This is the amount mentioned in the salary breakup.
b) Sometimes, the salary breakup does not mention a separate allowance for house rent. In such a case, the calculation for income tax purposes could be based on ‘actual rent paid minus 10% of salary’.
c) The above two options cannot exceed 50% of your basic salary.
Final Calculations: First calculate your total income from the different sources mentioned. Next, find out what exemptions are you eligible for. Subtract these from your total income to get your final taxable income. Remember, each source of income may have a different tax rate. For example, all capital gains are not always taxed in the same way. Take these variances into consideration. Also, it is better to get your calculations checked by a chartered accountant.